Medical Terminology and Anatomy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate among eponyms, abbreviations, acronyms, symbols, and medical terminology word parts.
2. Explain the common combining forms used for the different body systems.
3. Explain the guidelines for building, defining, and pronouncing medical terms.
4. Explain the structural organization of the body from simple to complex.
5. Differentiate among the positional reference terms used for the body, including the anatomic position, planes, cavities, and abdominopelvic quadrants.
6. Explain the mechanisms in the body that maintain the acid-base balance.
7. Explain the basics of pathology, including the terminology, protection mechanisms, and predisposing factors.
8. Differentiate among the common causes of diseases.
VOCABULARY
acronymu00a0 – An abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word of a phrase and pronounced as a word.
anaplasticu00a0- (an uh PLAS tic)A rapidly dividing cancer cell that has little to no similarity to normal cells.
antibodies -u00a0 u00a0(AN tih bod ees)Protein substances produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen that destroys or weakens the antigen. Part of the immune system.
antigensu00a0 -u00a0 (an TIE jens) Substances that stimulate the production of an antibody when introduced into the body. Antigens include toxins, bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.
biopsyu00a0 – (BIE op see)Process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for diagnosis or treatment.
chromosomes -u00a0 u00a0(KROH muh sohms)Rod-shaped structures found in the cellu2019s nucleus; they contain genetic information.
cytoplasmu00a0 -u00a0 (SYE toh plaz um) Jelly-like substance that surrounds the nucleus and fills the cells.
diaphragmu00a0 -u00a0 A broad, dome-shaped muscle used for breathing that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
differentiatedu00a0 -u00a0 (dif uh REN shee ayt ed) Describes how malignant tissues or cells look like the normal tissues or cells they came from; poorly-differentiated means they do not look like the normal tissues or cells, and well-differentiated means they look like the normal tissues or cells.
endoscopeu00a0 -u00a0 A scope with a camera attached to a long, thin tube that can be inserted into the body.
eponymu00a0 -u00a0 A word that comes from the name of a person, place, or thing associated with the word.
homeostasisu00a0 u00a0- (hoh mee uh STAY sis) The internal environment of the body that is compatible with life. A steady state is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment.
Intercellular is located between cells.
metastasizeu00a0 -u00a0 (MEH tas tuh sizes) To spread from one part of the body (the primary tumor) to another part of the body, forming a secondary tumor.
oncologist -u00a0 u00a0(on KOL uh jest) A specially trained doctor who diagnoses and treats cancer.
organelleu00a0 -u00a0 Structures inside of the cell that have specific functions to maintain the cell.
pathogenu00a0 -u00a0 A disease-causing organism.
pathologistu00a0 -u00a0 (pa THOL uh jest) A physician specially trained in the nature and cause of disease.
pathologyu00a0 -u00a0 The study of disease.
peristalsisu00a0 -u00a0 (per uh STAL sis)Wavelike motion.
physiology -u00a0 u00a0(fi zee ALL uh jee) The study of body functions.
plasma membraneu00a0 -u00a0 Outer covering surrounding the cell that allows certain substances to enter the cell and blocks other substances. Can also be called the cell membrane.
toxinsu00a0 -u00a0 (TOK sins) Substances created by microorganisms, plants, or animals that are poisonous to humans.
vasoconstrictionu00a0 -u00a0 Contraction of the muscles, causing narrowing of the inside tube of the vessel.