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The History of Nursing and Nursing Education

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Objectives

1.Describe the evolution of nursing and nursing education from early civilization to the twentieth century.
2.Identify the major leaders of nursing history in America.
3.Discuss the significant changes in nursing in the twenty-first century.
4.Discuss societal influences on nursing.
5.Identify the major organizations in nursing.
6.Define the three purposes of the National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) and the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN).
7.Identify the components of the health care system.
8.Describe the complex factors involved in the delivery of patient care.
9.Identify the participants in the health care system.
10.Define practical and vocational nursing.
11.Describe the purpose, role, and responsibilities of the practical and the vocational nurse.

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Key Terms

accreditation (ŭ-CRĔD-ĭ-TĀ-shŭn, p. 10)
approved program (p. 10)
articulation (ăr-tĭc-ū-LĀ-shŭn, p. 10)
certification (sĕr-tĭ-fĭ-KĀ-shŭn, p. 13)
health (p. 17)
health care system (p. 12)
holistic (hŏ-LĬS-tĭk, p. 13)
holistic health care (p. 12)
illness (p. 1)
licensure (LĪ-sĭn-shŭr, p. 4)
patient (p. 17)
pesthouses (p. 2)
portfolio (p. 10)
wellness (p. 12)

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Nursing is one of today’s most exciting and challenging careers. Each nurse receives a formal education in an institution with a set curriculum that has been approved by each state’s board of nursing. Degrees and certificates are awarded by the school. Licensure is conferred by the individual state. On completion of the nursing program, individuals are eligible to request permission to sit for the National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX®). The nursing profession has not always had such an organized body of knowledge or a regulated process for licensure. To best understand the position of today’s nursing profession and nursing education, a look back at the history of nursing is warranted.

The History of Nursing and Nursing Education

The word nursing can be traced back to the Latin word nutrire, “to nourish.” Throughout the ages, the perception of nursing has evolved as the profession has grown and changed. Many influences have led to changes in nursing and nursing education: how we as a society care for the sick, the way people live, the relationship of people to their environment, the search for knowledge and truth through education, and technologic advances. Nursing evolves as society and health care needs and policies change. The field responds and adapts to these changes, meeting new challenges as they arise.

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